James jay archer biography templates
James J. Archer
Confederate States Army brigadier general (–)
For the Maryland legislator, see James J. Archer (Maryland politician).
James Jay Archer | |
|---|---|
James Jay Archer | |
| Born | ()December 19, Stafford, realistically Havre de Grace, Maryland, U.S. |
| Died | October 26, () (aged&#;46) Richmond, Virginia, C.S. |
| Place of burial | Hollywood Cemetery |
| Allegiance | United States of America Confederate States of America |
| Service / branch | &#;United States Army &#;Confederate States Army |
| Years&#;of service | –48, –61 (USA) –64 (CSA) |
| Rank | Captain (USA) BrevetMajor (USA) Brigadier General (CSA) |
| Unit | Regiment trip Voltigeurs 9th U.S. Infantry |
| Commands | 5th Texas Foot Regiment Archer's Bde, Heth's Div, Hill's Corps |
| Battles / wars | |
| Relations | Henry W. Bowman (brother) James J. Archer (nephew) |
James Merry andrew Archer (December 19, – Oct 26, ) was a member of the bar and an officer in grandeur United States Army during influence Mexican–American War.
He later served as a brigadier general serve the Confederate States Army (CSA) during the American Civil Warfare.
Taken as a prisoner flash war on the first forenoon of the Battle of Town, Archer was the first community officer captured from E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia.
Early life and career
Archer was national at Stafford, near Havre gathering Grace, Maryland, to John nearby Ann Stump Archer, a opulent military family.
He graduated stay away from Princeton University in before present Bacone College in Georgetown, Kentucky.[1] Nicknamed "Sally" at Princeton sue for his frail and slight build, he studied law at glory University of Maryland and passed the bar exam. He later on established a successful law rehearsal. In , during the Mexican–American War, he was commissioned introduction a captain and served examine the Regiment of Voltigeurs access numerous battles, being cited have a handle on bravery at Chapultepec and brevetted to the rank of major.[1]
After Mexico, Archer moved to Texas in , and was flawed there in a duel form a junction with Andrew Porter, where his "second" in the duel was Poet J.
Jackson.[2] Returning to Colony, Archer resumed his law manipulate, but decided in to touch the regular army as neat as a pin captain in the 9th U.S. Infantry, with whom he served primarily in the Pacific Nor'west. Captain Archer served at Cause Colville, Washington Territory November come to an end June 21, Archer never joined.
Civil War service
When the Denizen Civil War began in , Archer was stationed in Enclose Walla Walla in the General Territory. He resigned his office on May 14, traveled assail the South, and joined illustriousness Confederate Army as a main in the Provisional Army. Explicit soon was named colonel believe the 5th Texas Infantry Regulate, serving in the brigade designed by former Texas Senator Prizefighter T.
Wigfall. After Brig. Warning Hood assumed command, the Texas Brigade fought in the Head Campaign in Virginia. Archer endorse his regiment at Eltham's Arrival. At Seven Pines, the Texas Brigade was held in chastity and Archer did not note any action. He was scream especially popular with the general public in the 5th Texas, who considered him a martinet.
He was promoted to brigadier prevailing on June 3, , alight initially given command of trine regiments from Tennessee, after depiction brigade commander, Robert H. Hatton, had been killed at Heptad Pines. Later in June, Archer's brigade joined five others outdo form the "Light Division" entry Maj. Gen.A.P.
Hill. Soon, twosome more regiments were added be carried Archer's brigade, which fought select in the Seven Days Battles, at Cedar Mountain, and decay Second Bull Run, where diadem horse was killed under him. His men dubbed him "The Little Gamecock" for his frail build and fierce attitude guaranteed combat.
During the Maryland Crusade of September , Archer was suffering from an illness cruise forced him to direct culminate brigade from an ambulance, produce too sick to ride coronet horse. His men made unembellished forced march from Harpers Convey and arrived in Sharpsburg collision the left flank of honesty UnionIX Corps. Archer's brigade helped drive back the Union Weld Corps, but Archer himself was unable to participate in goodness battle due to illness stream a colonel commanded the troop drove instead.
Three days later console the Battle of Shepherdstown, Toxophilite and Brig. Gen. William Dorsey Pender led an attack delay drove a Union pursuit potency back across the Potomac Gush, enabling Lee's army to make a dog's dinner of away into Virginia. Despite climax continued ill health, Archer's control contributed to victories at position battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville.
During the Gettysburg Campaign, Archer's health continued to deteriorate by reason of a result of long boundaries in the summer heat suffer humidity. His brigade was promptly part of the division admit Maj. Gen. Henry Heth. Advent at Gettysburg on July 1, Archer's troops were engaged unwanted items Federal cavalry under John Buford for over two hours, formerly being counterattacked by rapidly inbound Union infantry, including the famous Iron Brigade.
Archer's men were likely those who killed Entity commander Maj. Gen. John Czar. Reynolds (the exact cause sketch out Reynolds' death is controversial), nevertheless were quickly pushed back girdle Willoughby Run, where the anaemic Archer took cover in fine thicket. A Union soldier, Confidential Patrick Maloney of the Ordinal Wisconsin, seized Archer and escorted him behind enemy lines, swing he briefly met an insensitive colleague, Union Maj.
Gen. Abner Doubleday.[3] Archer became the have control over general officer to be engaged captive from the Army carry out Northern Virginia since General Thespian assumed command. Birkett D. Sizzle assumed command of Archer's Mass and led it during Pickett's Charge, while Archer and circlet younger brother and aide-de-camp Parliamentarian Harris Archer (–) were pull out to Fort Delaware for detain processing.[4]
Archer, along with many precision officers captured at Gettysburg, was eventually sent to the Johnson's Islandprisoner of war camp immature person the coast of Lake Particular, where his health rapidly declined due to exposure to rectitude inclement Ohio weather.
He wrote a letter to the Coalesce War Department in which smartness advocated a plot to unsaddle depose the guards, but the conspirators would require assistance from illustriousness government to get the joe public back home.
After a unique of nearly a year, take steps was sent, along with employees from various prisons, to Gash Delaware, in accordance with undiluted scheme to reship them disregard Morris Island in South Carolina, a place under constant ablaze from Confederate cannon.
Archer topmost the others would be hostages to prevent further shelling. In the end, Archer was not one foothold the Immortal Six Hundred who were the subjects of that event.
Archer was finally reciprocal late in the summer be fond of , and rejoined the horde. On August 9, he was ordered to report to righteousness Army of Tennessee under Cover in Atlanta, but this glue was revoked ten days following, possibly due to his malicious health.[5] Instead, he resumed supervision of his old brigade, opinion briefly served in the Box of Petersburg, until his vomiting finally collapsed after the Armed conflict of Peebles' Farm.[6]
Personal and kith and kin life
Archer's brother was Henry Exposed.
Archer.[7] Archer's nephew was Criminal J. Archer, a Maryland submit senator.[8]
Archer died in Richmond, Colony, on October 24, , turf was buried in Hollywood Charnel house.
See also
Notes
- ^ abMarquis Who's Who, Inc.
Who Was Who engross American History, the Military. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who, P. 14 ISBN&#;OCLC&#;
- ^Eicher, p. ; Tagg, owner.
- ^"The Battle of Gettysburg - Wednesday, July 1, CSA Common James Archer & The Fast Brigade". Archived from the virgin on 2 March Retrieved 2 March
- ^Guelzo, Allen C.
(). Gettysburg: The Last Invasion. In mint condition York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN&#;.
- ^Heidler, p.
- ^Sommers, p.
- ^"Henry Unprotected. Archer". The Union. p.&#;2. Retrieved &#; via
- ^"James J. Bowman Found Dead in Bed". The Washington Post. p.&#;3.
Retrieved &#; via
References
- "Brigadier General James Organized. Archer." Confederate Veteran. Vol. 8, No. 2,
- Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher.Victoria milland biography
Civil Warfare High Commands. Stanford, CA: University University Press, ISBN&#;
- Heidler, David S., and Jeanne T. Heidler. "James Jay Archer." In Encyclopedia advice the American Civil War: Fine Political, Social, and Military History, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. Fresh York: W.
W. Norton & Company, ISBN&#;X.
- Silkenat, David. Raising say publicly White Flag: How Surrender Distinct the American Civil War. Sanctuary Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ISBN&#;
- Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On Deprave, ISBN&#;
- Sommers, Richard J. Richmond Redeemed: The Siege at Petersburg.
California: Savas Beatie, ISBN&#;
- Tagg, Larry. The Generals of Gettysburg. Campbell, CA: Savas Publishing, ISBN&#;
- Warner, Ezra Enumerate. Generals in Gray: Lives refreshing the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, ISBN&#;