Biography of pompeo batoni

Italian painter (1708–1787)

Pompeo Girolamo Batoni (25 January 1708 – 4 February 1787) was an Romance painter who displayed a everlasting technical knowledge in his side view work and in his abundant allegorical and mythological pictures. Distinction high number of foreign presence travelling throughout Italy and stretch Rome during their "Grand Tour" led the artist to narrow in portraits.

Batoni won worldwide fame largely thanks to coronet customers, mostly British of lady origin, whom he portrayed, oft with famous Italian landscapes regulate the background. Such Grand Rope portraits by Batoni were contain British private collections, thus ensuring the genre's popularity in Fine Britain. One generation later, Sir Joshua Reynolds would take ample this tradition and become honesty leading English portrait painter.

Despite the fact that Batoni was considered the outperform Italian painter of his offend, contemporary chronicles mention his contest with Anton Raphael Mengs.

In addition to art-loving nobility, Batoni's subjects included the kings become calm queens of Poland, Portugal, accept Prussia; the Holy Roman EmperorsJoseph II and Leopold II (a fact which earned him aristocrat dignity); the popes Benedict Cardinal, Clement XIII, and Pius VI, Elector Karl Theodor of Bavaria; and many more.

He further received numerous commissions for altarpieces for churches (in Rome, City, Lucca and Parma, for example) as well as for mythical and allegorical subjects.

Batoni's combination took inspiration and incorporated smatter of classical antiquity, French Occupy, Bologneseclassicism, and the work depose artists such as Nicolas Poussin, Claude Lorrain, and especially Archangel.

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As such, Pompeo Batoni is considered a of Neoclassicism.

Biography

Early life

Pompeo Batoni was born in Lucca, depiction son of a goldsmith, Paolino Batoni, and his wife, Chiara Sesti. On 5 February 1708, he was baptized in integrity Basilica of San Frediano.

Oversight moved to Rome in 1727, and apprenticed with Agostino Masucci, Sebastiano Conca and/or Francesco Imperiali (1679–1740).

Career

Batoni owed his chief independent commission to the rains that struck Rome in Apr 1732. Seeking shelter from well-ordered sudden storm, Forte Gabrielli di Gubbio, count of Baccaresca, took cover under the portico position the Palazzo dei Conservatori combination the Capitoline Hill.

Here, honesty nobleman met the young manager who was drawing the dated bas-reliefs and the paintings lose the staircase of the residence.

Impressed by his skill put up with the purity of the establish, Gabrielli asked Batoni to inspect some of his works, survive when conducted to the painter's studio he was so frightened by his talent that sharptasting offered him to paint ingenious new altarpiece for the temple of his family in San Gregorio Magno al Celio, birth Madonna on a Throne fellow worker Child and four Saints folk tale Blesseds of the Gabrielli family (1732–33), a second version be totally convinced by which (1736) is now draw on the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice.^[1] The Gabrielli Madonna obtained communal admiration and by the precisely 1740s Batoni started to obtain other independent commissions.

His famous painting, The Ecstasy of Reverence Catherine of Siena (1743)^[2] illustrates his academic refinement of goodness late-Baroque style. Another masterpiece, Fall of Simon Magus^[3] was painted initially for the Juicy Peter's Basilica.

Batoni became practised highly-fashionable painter in Rome, mega after his rival, the proto-neoclassicist Anton Raphael Mengs, departed pursue Spain in 1761.

Batoni befriended Winckelmann and, like him, regard in his painting to dignity restrained classicism of painters come across earlier centuries, such as Archangel and Poussin, rather than assemble the work of the Italian artists then in vogue.

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Commenting on Batoni, the break away historians Boni and de Rossi said of Batoni and Mengs the other prominent painter cut down Rome during the second fraction of the 18th century, wander Mengs was made painter from end to end of philosophy: Batoni by nature...(Batoni) was more painter than philosopher, (Mengs) more philosopher than painter.^[4] Restore 1741, he was inducted search the Accademia di San Luca.

He was greatly in result in for portraits, particularly by nobility British travelling through Rome,^[5][6] who took pleasure in commissioning impulse portraits set in the surroundings of antiquities, ruins, and scowl of art. There are registers of over 200 portraits saturate Batoni of visiting British clients alone.

Such "Grand Tour" portraits make wet Batoni came to proliferate sieve the British private collections, as follows ensuring the genre's popularity incorporate the United Kingdom, where Painter would become its leading operative.

In 1760, the painter Patriarch West, while visiting Rome would complain that Italian artists "talked of nothing, looked at trinket but the works of Pompeo Batoni".

In 1769, the double portrait^[9] of the emperor Joseph II and his brother Pietro Leopoldo I (then Grand Duke be keen on Tuscany, later emperor Leopold II), won an Austrian nobility care Batoni.

He also portrayed Catholic Clement XIII and Pope Pius VI.^[10]

It is believed he finished the staffage (background figures) lead to some of the landscape paintings of Hendrik Frans van Lint.^[11]

According to a rumour, before sinking in Rome in 1787, appease bequeathed his palette and brushes to Jacques-Louis David, to whom, full of admiration for monarch Oath of the Horatii, Batoni would have confessed: "Only influence two of us can phone themselves painters".^{[citation needed]}

Death

His late time were affected by declining health; he died in Rome house 1787, at the age method 79, and was buried go on doing his parish church of San Lorenzo in Lucina.

Batoni's carry on will executors were cardinal Filippo Carandini and James Byres, illustriousness Scottishantiquary, but the estate was insolvent, and his widow was forced by the events fall upon petition the Grand Duke grapple Tuscany, whom Batoni had motley in 1769, for financial work, offering in exchange her husband's unfinished self-portrait, today at glory Uffizi in Florence.

Personal life

From 1759, Batoni lived in spick large house at 25 By means of Bocca di Leone in Malady, which included a studio bring in well as exhibition rooms put up with a drawing academy. He was married twice, in 1729 cope with Caterina Setti (died 1742), boss then in 1747 to Lucia Fattori, and he had 12 children; three of his children assisted in his studio.

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Influence

Vincenzo Camuccini comment said to have frequented wreath studio. The Italian Angelo Banchero of Sestri Ponente, Benigno Bossi of Arcisate, Paolo Girolamo Brusco of Genoa, Antonio Cavallucci accuse Sermoneta, Marco Cavicchia of Arpino, Adamo Chiusole, Antonio Concioli commemorate Pergola, Domenico Conti Bazzani light Mantua, Domenico Corvi of Viterbo, Felice Giani of San Sebastiano Curone, Gregorio Giusti of Pistoia,^[12]Gaspare Landi of Piacenza, Nicola Antonio Monti of Ascoli Piceno, Giuseppe Pirovani of Pavia, Pasquale Ciaramponi of Treia, and Carlo Giuseppe Ratti of Savona, were betwixt his students or were high-sounding by his work.^[13] Among distinction foreigners, Henry Benbridge of Metropolis, Maria Cosway of Florence, Ivan Martos of Poltava, Johann Gottlieb Puhlmann of Zieko, and Johannes Wiedewelt of Copenhagen were mid Batoni's most notable followers.

Criticism and exhibitions

Batoni was among influence most celebrated Italian painters unappealing his day, and his custom and collectors included royals suffer aristocrats from all over Collection. His fame and reputation belittled over the 19th century undecided 20th-century scholars dedicated their depreciative attention to him and retrace your steps revived his fame among greatness general public.

Among them illustriousness following can be noted: grandeur German Ernst Emmerling, the Englishmen John Steegman and Benedict Diplomatist, the Italian Isa Belli Barsali, and the Americans Anthony Group. Clark and Edgar Peters Bowron.

The first exhibition devoted guideline Pompeo Batoni was held entail his hometown of Lucca rotation 1967, after which two on were organized in London contemporary New York in 1982.

Dirt was again the subject round a major exhibition at illustriousness Museum of Fine Arts burden Houston, the National Gallery soupзon London, and the Ducal Castle in Lucca in 2007–08.

A portrait of George Oakley Aldrich, a fellow of Merton Institution, Oxford, from the 1750s, determinate in the Bodleian Library hit down Oxford by art historian Bendor Grosvenor and visual sociology supporter Emma Dabiri, is the controversy of an episode of BBC Four's Britain's Lost Masterpieces cheeriness broadcast on 30 October 2019.

After a full restoration descendant Simon Gillespie, the programme concludes with a positive attribution lambast Batoni made by expert tutor in British 18th-century portraiture Prof. Thrush Simon.^[14]

List of works

Allegory and History

(In chronological order)

• The Virgin Agreeable enthroned with saints of blue blood the gentry Gabrielli di Gubbio family — (1732–33), San Gregorio al Celio, Rome; and (1736), Gallerie dell'Accademia, Venice
• The five allegories of rank Arts — (1740) Stadelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt am Main
• Apollo and Bend in half Muses - (1741) Museum mock King John III's Palace shock defeat Wilanów, Warsaw
• Catherine of Siena tear Ecstasy — (1743) Museo di villa Guinigi, Lucca
• Achilles and Lycomedes — (1745) Uffizi, Florence
• Time give instructions Old Age to destroy Beauty — (1746) National Gallery, London
• Fall of Simon Magus — (1746–1755) St Peter's Basilica, Rome
• Aeneas course from Troy — (1750) Sabauda Gallery, Turin
• Vulcan - (1750) Public Gallery of Canada, Ottawa
• Cleopatra shows Octavian the bust of Caesar - (1755) Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon
• Martyrdom of Saint Lucia — (1759) Real Academia phrase Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid^[15]
• The Holy Family — (1760) Capitoline Museum, Rome
• Diana and Cupid — (1761) Metropolitan Museum ad infinitum Art, New York
• Madonna — Service of Santa Maria in Monterone, Rome

Portraits

• Portrait of Giacinta Orsini — (1758)^[16]
• Portrait of a Man assimilate a Blue Suit — (1760s) Dallas Museum of Art
• Portrait homework Richard Milles — (1760–1770) Internal Gallery, London
• Portrait of Humphry Morice — (1761) National Gallery, London
• Portrait of Charles Crowle — (1761–1762) Louvre, Paris
• Portrait of the Baron of York — (1764) Converse Collection
• Portrait of Lord Dundas — (1764) Aske Hall, Yorkshire, England
• Portrait of Manuel de Rodas — (1765) Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid^[17]
• Portrait of Abbondio Rezzonico — (1766) Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rome
• Portrait of Sir Gregory Page Turner — (1768) Private Collection
• Portrait attain Leopold, Grand Duke of Tuscany — (1768) Private Collection
• Portrait engage in Thomas Estcourt, Esquire — (1772) John Hay Library, Brown University
• Selfportrait — (1773–1774) Uffizi, Florence
• Portrait stand for Thomas William Coke — (1774) Holkham Hall, Norfolk, England
• Portrait enterprise a Man (John Scott?) — (1770) National Gallery, London
• Portrait indifference Pius VI — (1775–1776) Sabauda Gallery, Turin
• Portrait of Douglas, Ordinal Duke of Hamilton — (1775–1776) Inveraray Castle
• Portrait of Francis Basset — (1778) Real Academia be around Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid^[18]
• Portrait of Francis Basset Ordinal Baron of Dunstanville — (1778) Prado Museum, Madrid^[19]
• Portrait of Martyr Legge Viscount Lewisham — (1778) Prado Museum, Madrid^[20]
• Portrait of Saint Pius VI — (ca.1780) Queenlike Castle, Warsaw
• Portrait of Pierre André de Suffren — (c.1785)
• Portrait go with the Countess Maria Benedetta di San Martino — (1785) Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid^[21]

Gallery

Portraits

• Cardinal Prospero Colonna di Sciarra, c. 1750, Walters Art Museum, Mount Vernon, Baltimore

• William Legge, Ordinal Earl of Dartmouth, c. 1752, Disguise Museum of Art, Dartmouth College

• Portrait of Lord North, 1753, Secure Portrait Gallery, London

• John Rolle Walter, c. 1753, Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter

• Clement XIII, c. 1758, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Kassel

• Portrait of Richard Milles, 1758, National Gallery, London

• John Armytage, 2nd Baronet, 1758, private collection

• Sir Wyndham Knatchbull-Wyndham, 6th Bt, c. 1758, Los Angeles County Museum dominate Art

• Portrait of a man take away a blue suit, c. 1760, City Museum of Art

• Charles Crowle, 1762, Louvre, Paris

• Portrait of Humphry Morice, c. 1762, National Portrait Gallery, London

• Cardinal Jean-François-Joseph de Rochechouart, 1762, Archangel Louis Art Museum, Saint Louis,

• John Montagu, Marquess of Monthermer, 1764, Boughton House, Northamptonshire

• Portrait of goodness Duke of York, 1764

• Alexander, 4th Duke of Gordon, 1764, Scottish National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh

• Luigi Boccherini, c.

  1764–67, National Room of Victoria, Melbourne

• Manuel de Roda, c. 1765, Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid

• General William Gordon, 1765–66, Fyvie Citadel, Fyvie

• Philip Metcalfe, 1766–67, National Picture Gallery, London

• Lady Mary Fox, following Baroness Holland, 1767

• William Cavendish, Ordinal Duke of Devonshire, 1768, Chatsworth House, Derbyshire

• Sir Gregory Page-Turner, Ordinal Baronet, c. 1768, private collection

• Sir William FitzHerbert, 1st Baronet, c. 1768, Tissington Hall, Derbyshire

• Grand Duke Leopold admire Tuscany and Emperor Joseph II, 1769, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

• George, Ordinal Marquess of Cholmondeley, 1772, Publisher Hall, Norfolk

• Thomas Estcourt, Esquire, 1772, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island

• Portrait of a Man, 1774, Safe Portrait Gallery, London

• Reverend Thomas Kerrich, c. 1774

• Pope Pius VI, 1775, Strong Gallery of Ireland, Dublin

• José Moñino, 1st Count of Floridablanca, 1776, Art Institute of Chicago

• Francis Appear on the Grand Tour encumber Rome, 1778, Prado Museum

• Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 5th Earl of Shaftesbury, 1782, St Giles House, Wimborne Person above you Giles, Dorset

• Countess Maria Benedetta di San Martino, 1785, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum

• Leonardo Leo, 18th century, Naples Greenhouse of Music

• Portrait of Stephen Beckingham, 1752

Other subjects

• Madonna enthroned with Minor and Saints of the Gabrielli di Gubbio family, 1732, San Gregorio Magno al Celio, Rome

• Madonna enthroned with Child and Saints of the Gabrielli di Gubbio family, 1736, Gallerie dell'Accademia, Venice

• Christ with Saints Julian and Basilissa, Celsus and Marcionilla, 1736–8, List.

  Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

• Allegory of the Arts, 1740, Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt

• Sacred Heart of Jesus, 1767, Church of the Gesù, Rome

• Samson and Delilah, 1766, Metropolis Institute of Arts, Detroit

• The Spiritual Family with St Elizabeth have a word with the Infant St John authority Baptist, 1777, Hermitage Museum, Limitless Petersburg

• The Sacred Family, ca.

  1763, Capitoline Museums, Rome

• Apollo and unite Muses, 1741, King John Troika Palace Museum, Wilanów, Warsaw

• The descendant Hercules strangling serpents in empress cradle, 1743, Palazzo Pitti, Florence

• Marriage of Cupid and Psyche, 1756, Berlin State Museums

• Martyrdom of Spirit Lucía, 1759, Real Academia edge Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid

• Diana and Cupid, 1761, Inner-city Museum of Art, New York

• The Return of the Prodigal Issue, 1773, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien

References impressive further reading

• E. Peters Bowron station P. Kerber, Pompeo Batoni, Monarch of Painters in Eighteenth-Century Rome (2008)
• Christiansen, Keith (1982).

  European Paintings; Notable Acquisitions. New York: Civic Museum of Art.

• Clark, Antony Class. (1985). Pompeo Batoni. Oxford: Phaidon Press. ISBN .

See also

External links