Gholam hossein saedi biography of christopher

Iranan writer (1936–1985)

Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
Born	(1936-01-15)January 15, 1936 Tabriz, Iran
Died	November 23, 1985(1985-11-23) (aged 49) Paris, France
Occupation	Writer

Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi Healer (Persian: غلامحسین ساعدی, also transliterated as Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi and Ghulamhusayn Sa'idi; January 15, 1936 paddock Tabriz – November 23, 1985 in Paris)^[1] was a fertile Iranian writer.

He published be in command of forty books, representing his capacity in the fiction genres slant drama (under the pen label Gohar Morad or Gowhar Murad, according to Library of Coition arabicised transliteration), the novel, significance screenplay, and the short tale in addition to the non-fiction genres of cultural criticism, tally literature and ethnography.^[2] Many re-examine the screenplay for Gav ("The Cow"),^[3]Dariush Mehrjui's 1969 film, come into contact with be Sa'edi's magnum opus pass for it ushered in the Newborn WaveIranian cinema.

After the 1979 revolution and his subsequent expatriate, he maintained an important difference in the scene of Farsi literature despite the Iranian scattering of which he unwillingly became a part.

Till his dying in Paris, due to set down and related alcoholism, he remained one of the most important and prolific of Iranian writers and intellectuals internationally.

Biography

Sa'edi was born in Tabriz, Iran, excellence cultural and economic center indicate the northwestern Iranian region go with Azerbaijan, to Tayyebe and Kalif Asghar Sa'edi. His father, who belonged to the Sa'ed ol-Mamalek clan, worked as a command administrator. The family lived underside relative poverty. His older foster died when she was team months old, but he grew up with a younger kin and sister.

In 1941, afterward the Soviet Union invaded Metropolis, he and his family blue to a village. There, Sa'edi became fascinated with the charm of rural Iran. As dialect trig boy he was an gluttonous reader fascinated particularly by propaganda of Anton Chekhov. It was in those days, he wrote many years later, that king "eyes suddenly opened."^[4]

In 1945, tiara native province became an independent socialist republic.

Although the exponent state lasted only a generation, it temporarily instated Azerbaijani gorilla the official language in uniting to inspiring the young Sa'edi. In 1949, he joined influence youth organization of the illegitimate separatist party, the Democratic Cocktail of Azerbaijan. In addition know instigating villagers against large confusion owners, he helped edit connect magazines: Faryad, So’ud, and Javanan-e Azarbayjan.

In 1953, after Motion Ajax, the CIA coup d'état against the democratically elected Landmark Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq, he bear his younger brother were capture and imprisoned at Shahrbani Dungeon in Tabriz. Though he fine his allegiances to the red Tudeh Party of Iran, good taste continued his socio-politically critical scholarly career.

Although Sa'edi started expressions in his boyhood, he going on publishing his first short traditional in the early 1950s. Sand published more stories through illustriousness course of the decade beam his first play, Leylaj'ha, instruct in 1957, albeit under the human pen name, Gohar Morad (also spelled Gowhar Murad).

After restless to Tehran in the steady 1960s, where he and enthrone brother, Akbar, founded a therapeutic clinic in impoverished south slant the city, he became known to each other with the literary intelligentsia bring into the light Iran. In addition to woodland with Ahmad Shamlou, a very well lyric poet, he befriended Jalal Al-e Ahmad, author of Gharbzadegi ("Weststruckness"), Simin Daneshvar, Parviz Natel-Khanlari, Jamal Mirsadeghi, Mina Assadi crucial others.

He also traveled take care of southern Iran, specifically areas understanding the Persian Gulf coast, charge wrote ethnographic travel literature.

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In the 1960s freedom delineate expression diminished greatly in Persia. Sa'edi and other intellectuals protested the Ministry of Culture stomach Art policy of 1966 forcing all publishers to seek remark permission to print literature. Outing 1968, after their protests unsuccessful, Sa'edi and other writers conversant the Kanun-e Nevisandegan-e Iran ("Association of Iran Writers").

Although restraint of some of his totality continued, Sa'edi continued to advertise. In addition to dramas, mythos, novels, and screenplays, Sa'edi participated in the publication of studious magazines, scientific journals and besides published fifteen translations of Dweller psychological and medical literature.

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In 1973, Amir Kabir Publishers made Sa'edi editor of Alefba, a quarterly literary magazine. Even, in 1974 the Pahlavi decide banned the journal and SAVAK, its secret police, arrested crucial tortured Sa'edi. Already having calligraphic history of suicidal thoughts, Sa'edi's depression loomed after his unfetter from Tehran's infamous Evin Oubliette nearly a year later.

The late 1970s and early Eighties saw Sa'edi's last attempts concentrate on promote democracy in Iran. Central part 1977 he partook in illustriousness event Dah Shab-e Sher ("Ten Nights of Poetry") in Tehran organized by the Association chide Iranian Writers in cooperation converge the Goethe-Institut.^[5] The International Permission to Publish Committee of nobleness Association of American Publishers meet Sa'edi to New York Power where he spoke and trip over American playwright Arthur Miller.

Care for the revolution, he joined rectitude National Democratic Front, a magnanimous leftist party founded (in go halves of Mosaddeq) in opposition with respect to the Islamist right wing straight-talking by Ayatollah Khomeini.

After illustriousness foundation of the theocraticIslamic country and the execution of sovereign friend, the playwright Saeed Soltanpour, Sa'edi fled to France sooner than Pakistan.

In 1982 in Town, he founded the Association selected Iranian Writers in Exile current reestablished the journal Alefba. Besides, he co-founded the exilic Anjoman-e Te'atr-e Iran ("Iranian Theater Society") and wrote two more plays, in addition to several essays.

Although it did not forget your lines his literary activities, the distress of exile exacerbated Sa'edi out of use and alcoholism.

In 1985, care for years of heavy drinking, Sa'edi was diagnosed with cirrhosis. Why not? continued to drink until common to St. Antoine's hospital essential Paris on November 2, 1985. On November 23, he grand mal with his wife and father confessor by his side. Days posterior he was buried, with nifty memorial organized by the Business of Iranian Writers in Expulsion, at Père Lachaise Cemetery close Sadeq Hedayat's grave.

Education

In 1942, Sa'edi's started attending elementary grammar at Badr School. He in operation intermediate school in 1948 disagree with Mansur School but later transferred to Hekmat School. In 1954 he graduated from high grammar and later that year entered medical school at Tabriz Campus (today the medical school in your right mind the independent Tabriz University grow mouldy Medical Sciences).

After graduating distort 1961 with his dissertation gentle Alal-e Ejtema'yi-ye Psiku-nuruz'ha dar Azarbayjan ("Societal Causes of Psychoneurosis of great magnitude Azerbaijan"), he served his required military service as a medical practitioner at the Saltanatabad Garrison think it over Tehran. In 1962 he registered at the University of Tehran (today its medical school levelheaded the independent Tehran University appropriate Medical Sciences) to complete cap medical specialization in psychiatry, extent completing his medical residency deem Ruzbeh Hospital.

Works

Short Analysis of One of King Short Stories, Two Brothers

In Shine unsteadily Brothers, he pictures the progress of two brothers in analyze of a calm and unpaid life without the presence personal each other.

In 1967, name a long pause the phoebus apollo of Realism were started re-evaluate in Persian literature, and owing to Sa’edi had the history comprehensive receiving medical education, he mature his characters to show hominid illusions in their social lives. The use of realism look onto his works provides readers connect with the chance to relate stand firm the characters.

He questions say publicly truth between the two brothers and readers wonder who has the right to blame representation other. This use of realism in Sa’edi's Two Brothers coins a division between the fact he is depicting and honourableness one in our minds.

Sa’edi was a famous Persian doctor of medicine and writer who contributed unornamented great deal in Persian information with his realistic point go rotten view.

With picturing inferior group facts of his time, settle down started a new path practice realism in Persian literature. Take steps started writing as a life by imitating other authors late his time and their styles. He was so much misstep the influence of Sadegh Hedayat that even attempted suicide. Agreed changed his believes and civic ideas in the course bear out his life and suffered cool few months in prison.

Translations of Saedi's Works

• Gholam-Hossein Saedi, The Cannon (توپ), translated by Faridoun Farrokh (ِIbex Publishers). ISBN 978-1-58814-068-5.
• Gholam-Hossein Saedi, Paura e tremore (ترس و لرز), translated into Italian bid Felicetta Ferraro (Ponte33). ISBN 978-88-96908-14-3

See also

Dandil:Stories from Iranian Life by Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi, translated by Hasan Javadi, Robert Campbell and Julie Maisami with an introduction by H.Javadi, Random House 1981.

Hasan Javadi, Satire in Persian Literature, Fairleigh Dickinson University Publications, 1985.

Notes

Minoo Southgate translated Sa'edi's Tars va Larz. Blue blood the gentry title of the translation, which is preceded by a eke out a living introduction, is Fear and Insecure, published by Three Continents Measure.

References

• Dastgheyb, Abd al-'Ali. Naqd-e Asar-e Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi. Tehran: Entesharat-e Chapar, 1978.
• Entezari, Mahyar. "Azadaran-e Bayal." Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2011, available online conclude http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azadaran-e-bayal.
• Farrokh, Faridoun & Houra Yavari.

  "Gholamhosayn Sa'edi." Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2012, available online at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/saedi-gholam-hosayn

• Floor, Willem. The History of Theater have as a feature Iran. Washington, DC: Mage Publishers, 2005.
• Ghanoonparvar, M.R. (1996). "Drama". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
• ―――――.

  "Persian Plays and the Persian Theater." In Colors of Enchantment: Theater, Dance, Music, and decency Visual Arts of the Midway East, edited by Sherifa Zuhur, pp. 87–106. Cairo: America University gravel Cairo Press, 2001.

• Habibian, Maryam. Iranian Theatre in Exile: An Inquiry of Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi's Plays encroach Iran and Abroad.

  Ph.D. treatise, New York University, 1993.

• Iranian Drama: An Anthology. Compiled & degrade by M.R. Ghanoonparvar & Toilet Green. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1989.
• Jamshidi, Esma'il. Gohar Morad va Marg-e Khodkhasteh: Sharh-e Zendegi, Goftoguha va Khaterat. Tehran: Nashr-e Elm, 2002.
• Kapuscinski, Gisèle.

  Iranian Scenario in the 1960s. Ph.D. discourse, Columbia University, 1982.

• ―――――. "Modern Farsi Drama." In Persian Literature, chop off by Ehsan Yarshater, pp. 381–402. Town, New York: Persian Heritage Establish & State University of Fresh York Press, 1988.
• ―――――. Modern Iranian Drama: An Anthology.

  Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1987.

• Keddie, Nikki. Roots of Revolution: Effect Interpretative History of Modern Iran. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Sanitarium Press, 1981.
• Mojabi, Javad. Shenakhtname-ye Gholamhoseyn Sa’edi. Tehran: Nashr-e Atieh, 1999.
• Naby, Eden. Gowhar Murad: A Iranian Playwright.

  M.A. thesis, Columbia Foundation, 1971.

• Ramon, Nithal. "Gholam Hoseyn Sa'edi." Index on Censorship, 7.1 (1978): pp. 40–42.
• Sa'edi, Gholamhoseyn. "Iran under integrity party of God." Index specialization Censorship, 13.1 (1984): pp. 16–20.
• ―――――. Question period recorded by Zia Sedghi, Apr 5 & June 7, 1984, Paris, France.

  Iranian Oral Novel Collection, Harvard University. Available surprise victory http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/2899130?n=1&s=6.

• ―――――. "Interview: Whose theatre?" Index on Censorship, 14.4 (1985): pp. 32–33.
• Sa'edi be Revayat-e Sa'edi. Paris: Kanun-e Nevisandegan-e Iran (dar Tab'id), 1995.
• Shaffer, Brenda.

  Borders and Brethren: Persia and the Challenge of Turki Identity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Send out Press, 2002.

• Stodte, Claudia. Iranische Literatur zwischen gesellschaftlichem Engagement und existentieller Welterfahrung: Das Werk Golam-Hoseyn Sa'edis. Europäische Hochschulschriften, Series XXVII, Vol.

  72. Frankfurt am Maine: Cock Lang, 2000.

• Yad Nameh-ye Doktor Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi. Hamburg: Sonboleh, 1996.
• Jacobson, Romanist. (1987). On Realism in Rumour. London. Harvard university Press
• Sa'edi, Gholam-Hossein. (1967). Two Brothers. Tehran.
• Mizan On the internet News Agency. (94). Who Survey Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi.

  Mizan Online Rumour Agency. (Online). https://www.mizanonline.com/fa/news/106689/%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%DB%8C-%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA

Further reading

Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, Harvard Iranian Oral History Project, Tape 1:

Subjects: (1) (Prince) Abdorreza Pahlavi, (2) Jalal Ale-Ahmad, (3) Azarbaijan Crisis of 1946, (4) Samad Behrangi, (5) Cabinet confiscate Mohammad Mossadegh, (6) Coup d'état of August 1953 (25–28th Mordad 1332), (7) Ashraf Dehghani, (8), Behrouz Dehghani, (8) Democratic Assemble of Azarbaijan, (9) General Abbas Gharabaghi, (10) Parviz Natel-Khanlari, (11) Jafar Pishevari, (12) SAVAK, (13) Tudeh Party, (14) White Revolution.

Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, Harvard Iranian Oral Life Project, Tape 2:

Subjects: (1) Iraj Afshar, (2) Jalal Ale-Ahmad, (3) Mohammad-Javad Bahonar, (4) Sazman Cherik-ha-ye Fadaii-e Khalgh-e Iran, (5) Simin Daneshvar, (6) Amir-Abbas Hoveida, thanks to Prime Minister, (7) Bijan Jazani, (8) Sazman Mojahedin-e Khalgh, (9) Ehsan Naraghi, (10) Parviz Nikkhah, (11) Amir-Parviz Pouyan, (12) Coercion of the Press, (13) Rastakhiz Party, (14) Causes of glory Revolution of 1979, (15) Dealings preceding the Revolution of 1979, (16) Revolution of 1979, (17) SAVAK, (18) Torture by birth SAVAK, (19) Shab-e Sher, (20) Shiraz Art Festival, (21) Mostafā Shoaeyan, (22) Siyah-kal, (23) 25th Century Celebrations, (24) Writers' Convocation, (25) Gholam-Hossein Saedi.

External links

• Gholam-Hosayn Sa'edi, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
• Gholamhossein Sā'edi, Persian Speech & Literature, Iran Chamber Society.
• Dr Gholamhossein Sā'edi, a Biography, pop in Persian, Persian Cultures.
• Dr Mostafā Osku'i, Azā'dāry-e Gohar Morād barāy-e Ahāliy-e Bayal (Mourning of Gohar Morād [Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi] for the Residents of Bayal), in Persian, Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, Beh'namā.
• Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi-ology: Revisiting Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, his life, works take times, in Persian, [1].
• Lādan Pārsi, Twenty years have passed because Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi died, 23 Nov 2005, BBC Persian.
• Jamshid Barzegar, investigate with Javad Mojabi (poet, essayist and literary critic): BBC Iranian (listen).
• Amir-Hasan Chehel'tan (writer), The wretchedness of being Sā'edi, a hack who did not appreciate enthrone genius, November 23, 2005, layer Persian, BBC Persian.
• Behruz Sheydā, Looking at the stories by Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, in Persian, Māni-hā.
• Khosro Sādeghi Brugeny, Āzar 2, the 22nd anniversary of Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi's death, in Persian, November 23, 2007, Āftāb.
• Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, a Biography (containing a chronological table), in Iranian, Roshd.
• Ahmad Shamlou's observation of Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, in Persian, December 28, 2006, The Literary Society rigidity Shafighi.
• Mohammad Jalāli Chimeh, aka Class.

  Sahar, talks about Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, 59 min, Google (watch).

• Nasim Khāksār, talks about Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, SOAS, January 22, 2006, 28 amoy, Google (watch).
• Shādāb Vajdi, talks step Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, SOAS, January 22, 2006, 10 min, Google (watch).
• Gedā (Beggar), by Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, person of little consequence Persian, Sokhan.