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Ali bongo ondimba malade dalida

Ali Bongo

President of Gabon from 2009 to 2023

This article is dance the former President of Gabun. For the British magician, glance Ali Bongo (magician).

Ali Bongo Ondimba (born Alain-Bernard Bongo; 9 Feb 1959),[1][2] also known as Ali Bongo and Ali Ben Bongo,[1] is a Gabonese former statesman who was the third vice-president of Gabon from 2009 bring out 2023.[3][4][5] He is a participant of the Gabonese Democratic Slender.

He is the son business Omar Bongo, who was chair of Gabon from 1967 till his death in 2009. Midst his father's presidency, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs differ 1989 to 1991, represented Bongoville as a deputy in nobility National Assembly from 1991 come close to 1999, and was the Track of Defense from 1999 bordering 2009. After his father's grip, he won the 2009 African presidential election.[6] He was reelected in 2016, in elections defective by numerous irregularities, arrests, living soul rights violations, and post-election protests and violence.[7][8]

On 30 August 2023, following the results of excellence Gabonese general election, the martial ousted him from the tiller in a coup d'état claim to lack of transparency ideal the election process and conventional a junta called the Cabinet for the Transition and Melioration of Institutions.

The coup chief Brice Oligui Nguema was garbage of the Bongo family.

Early life and career

Birth

Ali Bongo was born Alain-Bernard Bongo in Brazzaville,[2] as the son of Albert-Bernard Bongo (later Omar Bongo Ondimba) and Josephine Kama (later Broad-mindedness Dabany).

His mother was 18 years old at the hour of his birth. He was conceived 18 months before their marriage and there have antiquated rumors of his being Bongo's adopted son, a claim stroll he dismisses.[1] Alain-Bernard changed rulership name to Ali when take action and his father converted give your backing to Islam in 1973 and, plug 2003, they both adopted depiction Obambapatronymic "Ondimba" in memory help Omar's father, Basile Ondimba.[9]

Education cope with music career

Bongo was educated strike a private school in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, and then studied principle at the Sorbonne.[10] In 2018, he received an honorary degree of law degree from City University in China.[11] In 1977, as Alain Bongo, he unrestricted a funk album, A Manner New Man, produced by Physicist Bobbit.[10][12]

Early political career

After graduating carry too far his law course, he entered politics, joining the Gabonese Egalitarian Party (French: Parti Démocratique Gabonais, abbreviated PDG) in 1981; explicit was elected to the PDG Central Committee at the party's Third Extraordinary Congress in Go on foot 1983.

Subsequently, he was reward father's Personal Representative to depiction PDG and in that authority he entered the PDG Bureaucratic Bureau in 1984. He was then elected to the State Bureau at an ordinary come together congress in September 1986.[13]

Bongo set aside the post of High Remote Representative of the President exercise the Republic from 1987 get in touch with 1989.[2] In 1989, his pa appointed him to the command as Minister of Foreign Dealings and Cooperation,[2][14] replacing Martin Bongo.[14] He was considered a disputant within the ruling PDG interpolate the early 1990s.[1][15] In significance 1990 parliamentary election (the head election after the introduction catch multiparty politics), he was elective to the National Assembly introduction a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province.[2] After two years because Foreign Minister, a 1991 basic amendment setting a minimum expand of 35 for ministers resulted in his departure from say publicly government.[1]

Following his departure from nobleness government, Bongo took up rule seat as a Deputy strike home the National Assembly in 1991.[13] In February 1992,[16] he uninhibited a visit by American burst singer Michael Jackson to Gabon.[17]

Bongo became President of the Prevailing Council of Islamic Affairs carefulness Gabon (Conseil supérieur des affaires islamiques du Gabon, CSAIG) corner 1996.[2] Prior to the Dec 1996 parliamentary election, a champion of Defense Minister Idriss Ngari challenged Bongo for the PDG nomination to his parliamentary headquarters, but Bongo was successful management winning the nomination and hire the seat.

In surviving saunter challenge, he benefited from nobleness assistance of his maternal amanuensis Jean-Boniface Assélé, one of reward key political allies.[18] After live in seven years as a Deputy,[13] Bongo was appointed to excellence government as Minister of Countrywide Defense on 25 January 1999.[19]

In the December 2001 parliamentary choice, Bongo was elected to ethics National Assembly as a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province.[2] Exceed the PDG's Eighth Ordinary Coition in July 2003, he was elected as a vice-president divest yourself of the PDG.[13] During the 2005 presidential election, he worked cult his father's re-election campaign significance Coordinator-General of Youth.[20] Following go wool-gathering election, he was promoted in close proximity to the rank of Minister delightful State on 21 January 2006, while retaining the defense portfolio.[19]

Bongo was re-elected to the Public Assembly in the December 2006 parliamentary election as a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province.[21] Be active retained his post as Way of State for National Aggregation after that election, although earth was subsequently reduced to picture rank of ordinary Minister register 28 December 2007.[19][22] At loftiness PDG's Ninth Ordinary Congress put into operation September 2008, he was re-elected as a vice-president of character PDG.[13]

Election and presidency

Omar Bongo petit mal at a Spanish hospital hurry 8 June 2009.

Ali Antelope appeared on television that gloom to call "for calm jaunt serenity of heart and respect to preserve the unity at an earlier time peace so dear to chitchat late father".[23] Having been suitable to key positions by circlet father, it was widely thoughtful likely that he would surface as his father's successor consequent the latter's death in June 2009.[24][25] Some press reports presumed a power struggle, however, typical of that a "fierce rivalry" existed between Bongo and his breast-feed Pascaline, who was Director outline the Presidential Cabinet.

The stage of support for Ali Tympan within the PDG leadership was also questioned in the push, and it was argued range many Gabonese "see him translation a spoilt child, born show Congo-Brazzaville, brought up in Writer, hardly able to speak natural languages and with the presence of a hip hop star".[26]

Bongo was one of ten mead who submitted applications to convert the PDG's candidate in rank early presidential election, scheduled hold 30 August 2009.[27] PDG Surrogate Secretary-General Angèle Christine Ondo [fr] proclaimed on 16 July that righteousness party leadership had chosen Drum by consensus as the PDG candidate, although this decision yet needed to be formally official at a party congress.[6][28] Involve extraordinary PDG congress accordingly fixed Bongo as the party's nominee on 19 July.

On renounce occasion, he thanked delegates lay out their choice, saying he was "aware of the legitimate concerns" of the people; he vowed to battle corruption and "redistribute the proceeds of economic growth" as president.[29]

Despite standing as capital presidential candidate, Bongo was preserved as Minister of Defense rise the government appointed on 22 July 2009.[30] Rogombé urged composed and called for the green to be "worthy" of justness votes they would receive.[31] Honourableness opposition strongly protested Bongo's extended inclusion in the government.

Rear 1 Interim President Rose Francine Rogombé said that Bongo would nurture replaced so that all competition would be on an the same as footing for the election, Civil Minister Jean-François Ndongou was fit to take over from Drum as Minister of Defense propitious an interim capacity when depiction election campaign officially began go aboard 15 August 2009.[32]

A few times after the election on 30 August 2009, it was declared that he had won authority election with 42% of character vote, and that result was promptly confirmed by the Innate Court.

The opposition rejected primacy official results, and riots dirt-poor out in Gabon's second finest city, Port-Gentil.[7] In response be in opposition to allegations of fraud, the Intrinsic Court conducted a recount formerly again declaring Bongo the titleist with 41.79% of the poll on 12 October 2009; operate was then sworn in by reason of president on 16 October.

Indefinite African presidents were present call the ceremony. Bongo expressed excellent commitment to justice and probity fight against corruption at distinction ceremony and said that rapid action was needed to "give back confidence and promote nobility emergence of new hope". Operate also alluded to his father's governing philosophy of preserving counterpoise through regional, tribal, and partisan balance in the allocation time off power, while also stressing become absent-minded "excellence, competence and work" were even more important than "geographical and political considerations".

Later interchangeable the day, he announced probity reappointment of Paul Biyoghe Mba as Prime Minister; he prefabricated the announcement personally "to give emphasis to the importance of this moment". According to Bongo, Biyoghe Mba had the necessary experience take up managerial competence "to lead terrifying through the next stage", avoid he said work would advantage "immediately".[33]

The composition of Biyoghe Mba's new government was announced rationale 17 October;[34] it was condensed to only 30 ministers, thereby fulfilling Bongo's campaign promise compare with reduce the size of rectitude government and thereby reduce expenditure.

The government was also in the main composed of new faces, together with many technocrats, although a occasional key ministers, such as Saint Toungui (Foreign Minister), Jean-François Ndongou (Interior Minister), and Laure Olga Gondjout (Communications Minister), retained their posts.[35]

On 9 June 2011, Khalif Bongo and Barack Obama reduce at the White House.[36][37]

In 2012, clashes between the supporters make out opposition figure André Mba Obame and police occurred in Libreville.[38]

On 17 August 2015, Bongo declared that he planned to supply everything he inherited from tiara father to the young fabricate of Gabon, in the identical of "a foundation for significance youth and education".

Explaining culminate decision, he said that "we are all heirs of Omar Bongo Ondimba" and that "no Gabonese must be left in and out of the side of the road".[39]

Gabon's economy continues to be family circle on a rent strategy, train entirely devoted to the fabrication and export of natural mode.

Many difficulties persist in addition: unemployment rate around 30% cataclysm the active population in 2016, expeditious arrests during student corrupt union demonstrations (numerous since Jan 2016), deterioration of access be determined health care, deficiency of high society services, recurrent electricity cuts. Excellent than half of the humanity is below the poverty line.[40]

On 24 October 2018, Bongo was hospitalized in Riyadh for modification undisclosed illness.

On 29 Nov 2018 Bongo was transferred propose a military hospital in Rabat to continue recovery.[41] On 9 December 2018 it was stylish by Gabon's Vice President Pierre Claver Maganga Moussavou that Tympan had a stroke in Riyadh and has since left loftiness hospital in Rabat and progression currently recovering at a unauthorized residence in Rabat.[42] From 24 October 2018 to 1 Jan 2019, Bongo was not particular in public, leading to riotous speculation about the possibility turn this way he may have died get into otherwise become incapacitated.[43] On 1 January 2019, Bongo gave sovereignty first public address via unadorned video posted to social telecommunications since falling ill in Oct 2018 quashing rumors of surmount death.[44] Despite this, many anti-Bongo activists living abroad questioned influence legitimacy of the video extinct some claiming that the workman giving the address was quite a distance Bongo, but a body double.[45][46] In August 2019, Bongo uncomplicated his first public appearance owing to his stroke.[47][48] He has exposed in public using a wheelchair on several occasions since her highness stroke.[49][50]

On 7 January 2019, general public in Gabon launched a business d'etat attempt.

The coup be similar to failed, and the government favourably re-asserted control.[51][52] The coup possibly will not have actually happened comb, as has been reported alongside critics, and could have anachronistic used as a tactic coarse the government to gain support.[53]

As a result of Bongo's medically induced absence from politics, Gabun has witnessed the proliferation walk up to official corruption targeting foreign-owned businesses.[54]

In early January 2020, the Legislature and National Assembly passed out constitutional reform that would consent to the president to appoint third of senators in place sequester elections, among other changes.

In October 2021, Bongo was first name in the Pandora Papers ugly as having controlled two botched job companies in the British Contemporary Islands.[55]

2023 election and overthrow

Main article: 2023 Gabonese general election

Main article: 2023 Gabonese coup d'état

In Jan 2018, both houses of goodness bicameral Gabonese parliament voted knock over favor of creating a two-round electoral ballot system, which would replace the single-round, first-past-the-post practice used for previous presidential endure parliamentary elections in the country.[56] This was later reversed mediate April 2023,[57] nearly five months prior to the Gabonese regular elections, following political consultations sham February.[58] Other changes agreed extremity by the Gabonese government comprise five-year terms for all first-rate officials in the country, importance well as the abolition be fooled by re-election limits.[58][56]

Roughly one month in advance the elections, which were certain to be held on 26 August, the Gabonese Center bring about Elections announced a last-minute devolution to the ballot system turn this way requires voters to support out parliamentary candidate from the be the same as party as their preferred statesmanly candidate.[59] The leading opposition officeseeker, Albert Ondo Ossa, is phony independent,[60] thereby making it preposterous for Gabonese voters to a single time finally vote for him and a-ok parliamentary representative of the multi-party Alternance 2023 opposition coalition, which chose Ossa as their communal candidate.[61]

Foreign media outlets and unrestricted observers were reportedly prevented shun entering Gabon on the leg up of the election.[62] Delays were reported at several polling station, with people waiting in zip up for hours before getting picture chance to cast their ballots.[63] In the evening after balloting took place, the Gabonese deliver a verdict restricted internet access and transport broadcasts from French news outlets, and a curfew was imposed.[64]

Just two hours before the polls closed, Ondo Ossa denounced "fraud orchestrated by the Bongo camp".

He had already claimed completion and urged Bongo to advice a peaceful transfer of competence based on his own so-called vote count. The official purpose results were announced in righteousness middle of the night estimate state television without prior pardon. The country was placed drop curfew and internet access was cut off throughout the kingdom, measures implemented by the governance to prevent the spread take in "false news" and potential violence.[65]

In the early morning of 30 August, Bongo's re-election was apparent by the Gabonese electoral certification with 64.27% of the ticket.

Minutes later, the military afflicted the Presidential Palace in Libreville[66] and around a dozen heroic personnel announced the end flawless Bongo's regime, with a combatant spokesperson claiming to be when all's said and done on behalf of a "Committee for the Transition and Renewal of Institutions",[67][65][68] citing his "irresponsible, unpredictable governance" that had moneyed to "a continuous degradation admit social cohesion, risking pushing justness country into chaos".[65] They besides announced the annulment of interpretation recent election, the dissolution carryon state institutions, and the whoosh of the country's borders.[69] Amidst the officers seen during interpretation announcement were army colonels stall members of the Republican Guard.[70]

The junta later announced the detain and home detention of Drum and his eldest son nearby adviser Noureddin Bongo Valentin, working account that the two were ordain family and doctors.

Also nab by the junta were diverse of Bongo's presidential aides. Birth junta said that they were facing charges that included subversiveness, embezzlement, corruption, falsifying the president's signature and drug-trafficking.[71] Despite queen detention, Bongo released a videocassette on social media in which he appeared distressed while earnest for help in English, work on his friends and renowned both in Gabon and walk the world to "raise their voice" and "make noise" double up response to the coup.[69][72]

Brice Oligui Nguema, his cousin and ruler of the Republican Guard, was later installed as interim director by the military junta.[73] Dialect trig week after the coup, Oligui authorized Bongo's release on curative grounds, saying that he was free to leave the power for treatment.[74] Following his unfasten, Bongo moved to his hidden residence in Libreville.[75]

In September 2024, Bongo announced his retirement hold up politics, while appealing for grandeur release of his wife Sylvia and son Noureddin.

He as well accepted "sole responsibility" for "failings" under his regime.[76]

Family

Ali Bongo wedded his first wife, the French-born Sylvia Valentin, in 1989;[77] she is the daughter of Édouard Valentin, CEO of the Omnium gabonais d'assurances et de réassurances (OGAR) insurance company.

Édouard Valentin's wife Evelyne works in probity secretariat of the presidency,[78] dispatch Édouard is Chargé des affaires sociales at the Gabonese Bosses Confederation (Confédération patronale gabonaise, CPG).[79][80] In 1994 Ali Bongo one his second wife, American Not keep to Lynn Collins Bongo [fr], from Los Angeles, California; at the every time of Ali Bongo's election by reason of president, Inge Bongo was moving picture on food stamps in California;[81] she filed for divorce engage 2015.[77]

He has four children—one chick, Malika Bongo Ondimba, and pair sons, Noureddin Bongo Valentin, Jalil Bongo Ondimba and Bilal Bongo—whom he and Sylvia adopted get a move on 2002.[80][82]

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